Biasanya pelajar Master atau pelajar PhD biasanya diawajibkan untuk menulis artikel untuk terbitan. Jadi kita boleh, saya boleh ajar serba ringkas bagaimana kita nak tulis artikel yang baik. Yang boleh kita terbitkan. Jadi pada pelajar yang belum pernah terbit dia akan rasa banggalah. Biasanya artikel dan jurnal atau bab dalam buku biasanya hampir sama. Jadi kita ada disini kita ada tajuk, tajuk mestilah yang meanarik ya. Sehingga orang nak baca artikel kita. Kita sertakan abstrak. Abstark kita terpulang kepada jurnal tersebut. Yang mempunyai berapa patah perkataan. Kadang-kadang 250 hingga 300 kemudian ada pengenalan ada sorortan kajian. Sorotan kajian ini terpulang kepada penulis masing-masing. Kadang-kadang dia tak letak sorotan kajian. Dia letak tajuk macam contoh animasi cerita rakyat. Letak itu dalam tu merupakan sorotan. Kemudian ada metadologi keputusan dan perbincangan kesimpulan dan rujukan. Bukan bibliografi dah dia rujukan. Jadi dalam yang ini, kita fokus pada tajuk. Tajuk kenalah menarik. Biasanya tajuk tu kalau jurnal ke artikel ke biasanya tak boleh lebih daripada 20 patah perkataan. Jadi abstrak ini kita, kalau tulis dalam bahasa Melayu kita tulis abstrak disertakan dengan abstark bahasa Inggeris. Supaya lebih jelas. Dalam abstark ini kita akan letak macam contohnya, ayat lebih kurang 5 ayat. 4 atau 5 ayat macam ayat mukadimah. Mukadimah ni contohnya kita letak seperti latar belakang, dan juga masalah yang dihadapi, masalah kajian sehingga timbulnya kita nak buat ini. Ayat ini diikuti dengan objektif. Kemudian ada metadologi. Metadologi ini kita kena letak kalau ada sampel-sampel dan seterusnyalah, lokasi. Kalau tidak ada tak payah letak. Kemudian semualah. Prosedur kena ada. Cara analisis macam mana. Kemudian daripada hurai kesini kita letakkan kita punya keputusan. Keputusan kajian kita letak dalam abstrak. Kita letak keputusan dan ayat akhir kita akan letak apa yang awak harapkan dalam kajian akan datang. Diharapkan kajian akan datang akan memberi fokus kepada apa dia-apa dia. Ayat akhir mesti ada. Kemudian disertai dengan kata kunci. Kata kunci biasanya ada 5. Teruskan dengan pengenalan. Biasanya, pengenalan ini awak boleh letak dalam lebih kurang kita nak kenal ni kita letak latar belakang, cerita tentang ciri-ciri apa benda yang berkaitan dengan tajuk kita mengkaji. Pengenalan kadang-kadang letak dalam dalam satu perenggan. Ini agak penting kerana ada jurnal yang dia sangat-sangat ketat. Pengenalan ni adalah orang letak dalam bentuk sorotan. Jadi itu yang kena reject. Jadi terpulang kepada jurnal yang adalah. Baca balik apa arahan yang diberi. Satu perenggan ni letak macam latar belakang. Kemudian masuk yang sorotan jadi ini satu perenggan. Sorotan tu macam saya kata awak boleh letak kertas sorotan kajian ataupun awak boleh letak tajuk dia. Macam contohnya, animasi cerita rakyat. Boleh antara dua. Jadi sorotan. Yang ini awak letak dalam 4 perenggan. Yang mempunyai sorotan kajian 5 tahun kebelakang sahaja. Dan juga perlu kritis. Macam saya ajar dalam bab 2 kalau tak kritiskan dia berdiri dengan diri sendiri je. Tak boleh macam tu. Maknanya bila huraian dalam satu perenggan ada satu nama. Kemudan sokonglah dengan kajian-kajian yang lain. Selari ke hampir sama ke apa sokong ke. Letak di situ, juga letak yang negatif yang seperti kajian ini orang kata kajian oleh Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019 didapati tidak bersetuju dengan kajian yang dijalankan oleh sipulan. Kenapa? Itu namanya kritis mencari persamaan dan perbezaan. Ini dah 4 perenggan, kemudian masuk sebelum habis sorotan kajian ada ayat objektif, ayat objektif bukan satu sub topik. Biasanya ayat sahaja. Dalam satu ayat iaitu justeru kajian ini. Justeru daripada sorotan, masalah kajian semua sini ada jurang penyelidikan. Jadi justeru kajian ini mengenal pasti dan membincangkan apa. Satu ayat je. Iaitu selepas sorotan kajian. Makna ini dah perenggan baru. Jadi ini perenggan lainlah. Jadi perenggan tu ada satu je ayat. Kemudian terus masuk tajuk metadologi. Metadologi ni kena lengkapkan semua yanga ada dalam metadologi. Awak kena huraikan sebiji yang ada dalam tesis. Ada sel ada lokasi ada prosedur, ada analisis ada bahan. Kalau misalnya ada bahan awak kena letak sinopsis bahan. Sinopsis bahan contohnya, sinopsis cerpen contohnya. Apa sahaja. Semua kene ada. Awak boleh rujuk, rujuk balik dalam bab metadologi penulisan tesis kemudian baru masuk tajuk keputusan dan perbincangan. Keputusan dan perbincangan ini teori pun ada. Dalam metadologi keputusan perbincangan ini dia punya sub tajuk kenalah kalau misalnya ikut teori sub tajuk ikut teori. Contohnya, kandungan dalam interaksi perbualan. Jadi maknnaya, tajuk ini merupakan daripad teori, lepastu dengan konteks dalam interkasi pebualan, andaian interkasi perbualan, huraian dia dalam ini sama dengan huraian bab 4. Jadi yang ini terpulang kepada teori awak. Kita ada banyak teori. Teori analisis wacana teori yang saya ingat sekarang. Ada banyak lagi teori, tepri kejuruteraan lain, sains lain, ekonomi lain, reka bentuk lain, jadi berbeza, lepas habis keputusan perbincangan kita ada rumusan, kalau tengok kat sini sebelum kesimpunlan tu ada nak rumuskan keputusan perbincagan. Kita ada rumusan, rumuskan dalam 1 perenggan, sama juga dalam bab 4 tesis kita, kita rumuskan kita kena sokong. Sokong kajian yang atas tadi. Dekat sorotan. Kita ada yang ada dalam tesis makna yang ada dalam tesis. Dalam artikel. Atas tadi yang kita, yang ada dalam ini. Jadi sokong. Sokong itu kemudian sokong diri, sama cara penulisan dia. Cara penulisan nak buat rumusan dalam bab 4. Kemudian akhirnya kesimpulan. Dalam kesimpulan ini, dalam ini saya akan jelaskan apa yang sepatutnya ada dalam kesimpulan. Dalam kesimpulan ini menjelaskan memberi manafaat, menjelaskan manfaat yang diperoleh daripada keputusan kajian. Maknanya awak jelaskan manfaat kepada siapa. Keputusan yang kita dapat ini, nak manfaat kepada siapa. Jelaskan tiap-tiap satu. Dalam satu perenggan. Okay, kemudian ayat akhir. Kasimpulan itu tadi ini samalah yang dengan awak manfaat tadi. Memberi manfaat kepada siapa dalam kesimpulan. Dalam ini tidak perlu rujukan. Jangan ada rujukan pula dalam kesimpulan sebab kita dah ada rujukan sokong, kesimpulan ini nak beri manfaat sahaja jadi tak perlu letak rujukan. Kemudian ayat akhir dalam kesimpulan, kita letaklah “Diharapkan kajian akan datang” ingat tak yang ayat saya cakap tadi. Ayat tu ada dalam abstrak. Jangan copy paste, ubah sikit ayat tu. Ada dalam abstrak. Iaitu “Diharapkan kajian akan datang memberi fokus kepada lirik lagu cerita rakyat”, contohnya. Jadi ada kaitan. Ini macam cadangan akan datang kita. Inilah kita masuk dalam ayat akhir. Jadi dalam ini, terpulang sebenar kepada jurnal atau bab dalam buku. Jumlah perketaan biasanya 5500. Ada yang orang kata, jurnal yang sangat ketat peraturan dia kata, okay satu artikel dia boleh terima 3000. Jadi jangan lebih, kalau lebih biasanya dia suruh bayar. Terpulang kepada jurnal. Ada jurnal dia kata perlu 10000. Ikut jelah patah perkataan dia. Ada jurnal dia punya sub topik ini berbeza. Kita ikut. Terpulang kepada jurnal. Ini yang biasa. Ada jurnal yang kata ini. Jadi tulisan artikel untuk artikel untuk jurnal dan artikel untuk bab dalam buku juga sama sebenarnya. Penulisan ini biasanya memang kita kena ada. Kalau penulisan untuk pelajar sastera pun sama. Memang kena ada pengenalan, kena ada ayat objektif, keputusan perbincangan pun sama, cara menganalisis, tengok awak pakai jadual, taknak pakai jadual, awak nak sokong macam saya katakan awak nak sokong dekat rumusan ke. Awak nak sokong dekat data ke. Masa huraian pun boleh. Tidak ada masalah. Biasa ini adalah penulisan artikel jurnal untuk semua bidang. Mungkin yang lain terpulang kepada arahan. Yang diberi oleh jurnal tersebut. Jadi yang penting juga, satu kena ada penanda wacana. Tiap-tiap halamna tesis kena ada, artikel pun nak ada. Nanti bila dah habis awak buat tesis, awak hafal penanda wacana. Beratus penada wacana. Dalam buku ni sikit je, mungkin ada lagi banyak yang awak kena hafal. Penanda wacana mesti penting. Kemudian awak perlu semak banyak kali. Semak dari segi ejaan, tatabahasa, semua. Semua kena semak. Lepas tu semak juga rujukan. Okay rujukan dalam artikel ada dalam rujukan. Dan juga, ini mesti ada. Ingat ya baca arahan berkali-kali. Dan juga penting macam saya kata tadi, tajuk artikel tak menarik orang pun tak nak baca. Kata kunci penting kerana disini kalau kita type kat Google artikel akan keluar. Kena pastikan semua kepentingan semua ada dalam artikel awak. Kalau lihat disini, serupa juga dalam ini kena 70% rujukan terkini. Jumlah semua artikel, semua rujukan, ini jumlah 5 tahun kebelakang darab 100 sama dengan mesti 70%. Kebanyakan artikel, pastikan tahun yang awak hantar artikel itu contohnya 2020, artikel yang 2020 ni mesi ada sekurangnya 3. Tahun terkini mesti ada 3. Janganlah misalnya awak hantar artikel tu 2020, 2020 punya artikel tak ada. Tidak boleh mesti kena ada. Jadi jumlah 70%. dalam 70% ni ada minima 3 artikel yang tahun itu. Tahun yang hantar, tahun terkini. Kalau 2020, 2020. Kalau sebut artikel ini tidak susah. Kajian dari tesis itu ubah ayat dia jadikan artikel. Kita ni sebagai penyelidik kutip data. Kadang-kadang data berlebih. Kita kena kutip data lebih tak boleh cuckup-cukup. Kadang-kadang pelajar tanya saya, “Prof saya punya data sudah ambil, saya temubual pelajar, kebetulan kawan dia ada disitu, jadi saya temubual, jadi data saya lebih.” Baguslah saya kata, sebab mugkin data ini tidak cukup boleh guna data yang lebih. Perlu mohon kebenaran untuk mengutip data. Kementerian kalau nak pergi sekolah. Semua perlukan kebenaran, kecuali awak nak ambil data daripada anak buah kat rumah juga perlu kebenaran. Mahu kakak abang tak tegur 5 tahun kalau ambil video anak dia masukkan dalam tesis. Tak dapat duit raya. Jadi perlukan kebenaran bertulis. Kalau kebenaran yang video ada juga boleh. Kalau kena saman sekurang-kurangnya awak ada. “Ini dia sebenarnya kebenaran saya dapat.” “Atapun dia tanya mana kebenaran, awak disaman RM250000 sebab tanpa kebenaran awak temu bual pekerja saya dari syarikat.” “Saya ada kebenaran daripada ini kebetulan pengurus besar dia kata boleh videokan pakai untuk kebenaran.” Artikel ini semua ada kebenaran. Letakkan nama sampel contohnya, jangan letak nama sebenar. Nati semua budak yang nama dia contohnya Muhammad Yusoh ada lebih kurang 450 datang tuntut saman kenapa guna nama saya dalam ini.
Write Articles for Publications in Journals.
Let's Write an article. Usually Master students or PhD students are usually required to write articles for publication. So we can, I can teach you briefly how we want to write a good article. That we can publish. So for students who have never been published he will feel proud. Usually articles and journals or chapters in books are usually almost the same. So we are here we have a title, the title must be interesting. So that people want to read our article. We include an abstract. Our abstract is up to the journal. Which has how many words. Sometimes 250 to 300 then there is an introduction there is a study highlight. The highlights of this study are up to the respective authors. Sometimes he does not place the focus of the study. He put a title like an animated example of folklore. The location inside is a highlight. Then there is the methodology of the results and the discussion of conclusions and references. Not a bibliography, he is a reference. So in this one, we focus on the title. The title should be interesting. Usually the title if the journal to the article to usually can not be more than 20 words. So this abstract we, if we write in languages other than English abstract writing accompanied by abstract English. To be clearer. In this abstract we will place an example, a sentence of about 5 sentences. 4 or 5 verses like the opening verse. For example, we put this preface as the background, as well as the problems faced, the problems of the study until the emergence we want to do this. This sentence is followed by an objective. Then there is the methodology. We have to put this methodology if there are samples and then, location. If there is no need to place. Then everything. Procedures must be in place. What kind of analysis. Then from the description here we put we have a decision. The results of our study are in the abstract. We put the results and our final sentence will put what you expect in the next study. Hopefully the next study will focus on what he is. The last sentence must be there. Then accompanied by keywords. Keywords usually have 5. Continue with the introduction. Usually, this introduction you can put in more or less we want to know here we put the background, the story of the characteristics of what things are related to the topic we are studying. Introduction is sometimes placed in a single paragraph. This is quite important because there are journals that he is very, very strict. This introduction is people put in the form of highlights. So that's what to reject. So it depends on the journal that is. Read back what instructions were given. This paragraph is like a background. Then enter the highlight so this is a paragraph. The highlight is like I said you can put the study highlight paper or you can put the title of it. For example, folklore animation. Can be between two. So the spotlight. This one you put in 4 paragraphs. Which has highlighted the study 5 years ago only. And it also needs to be critical. Like I taught in chapter 2 if you do not criticize him standing with himself je. It can't be like that. Meaning when the description in a paragraph there is a name. Then support with other studies. Parallel to almost the same to what support to. Put it there, also put a negative that like this study people say the study by Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019 was found to disagree with the study conducted by whistling. Why? That is the critical name for finding similarities and differences. This is already 4 paragraphs, then enter before the end of the study highlights there are objective sentences, objective sentences are not a sub-topic. Usually sentences only. In one sentence that is why this study. Hence from the spotlight, the study problem all here has a research gap. So this study identifies and discusses what. One verse je. That is after the highlights of the study. This means a new paragraph. So this is another paragraph. So that paragraph has one verse. Then continue to enter the title of the methodology. This methodology must complete everything in the methodology. You have to describe the one in the thesis. There are cells there are locations there are procedures, there is analysis there are materials. If for example there is material you have to put a synopsis of the material. Synopsis of material for example, synopsis of short stories for example. Whatever. Everything here is there. You can refer, refer back in the thesis methodology chapter chapter then just enter the title of the decision and discussion. These results and discussions are also theoretical. In the methodology of the results of this discussion, he has a sub-title that should be followed, for example, follow the theory of sub-headings follow the theory. For example, content in a conversation interaction. As example, this title is from the theory, then with the context in the conversation conversation, the assumption of the conversation interaction, the description of him in this is the same as the description of chapter 4. So this is up to your theory. We have many theories. Theoretical discourse analysis theory I remember now. There are many more theories, other engineering theory, other sciences, other economics, other designs, so different, after the end of the discussion we have a conclusion, if you look here before the conclusion there is to summarize the results of the discussion. We have a conclusion, formulate in 1 paragraph, just like in chapter 4 of our thesis, we formulate we have to support. Support the above study. Near the spotlight. We have what is in the thesis the meaning that is in the thesis. In the article. On top of that we, who are in this. So support. Support that then support yourself, the same way he writes. How to write want to make a conclusion in chapter 4. Then finally the conclusion. In this conclusion, in this I will explain what should be in the conclusion. In this conclusion explains the benefits, explains the benefits derived from the results of the study. That means you explain the benefits to whom. The result we get this, want to benefit who. Explain each one. In one paragraph. Okay, then the last sentence. The conclusion was just the same as the benefits you had earlier. Benefit to whom in conclusion. In this there is no need for reference. Do not have a reference in the conclusion because we already have a supporting reference, this conclusion is only useful so there is no need to place a reference. Then the final sentence in the conclusion, we put "Hopefully the next study" remember the sentence I said earlier. That verse is in the abstract. Do not copy paste, slightly change the sentence. It is in the abstract. That is "It is hoped that future studies will focus on the lyrics of folklore songs", for example. So there is a connection. This is our kind of future proposal. This is what we enter in the last sentence. So in this, it really depends on the journal or chapter in the book. The number of cities is usually 5500. Some people say, a very strict journal of the rules he said, okay one article he can accept 3000. So do not over, if more he usually told to pay. Depends on the journal. There is a journal he says needs 10000. Follow his broken words. There is a journal he has this sub-topic is different. Let's go. Depends on the journal. This is normal. There are journals that say this. So writing articles for articles for journals and articles for chapters in books is also actually the same. This writing is usually something we have to have. If writing for literary students is the same. There must be an introduction, there must be an objective sentence, the results of the discussion are the same, how to analyze, see you use the schedule, do not want to use the schedule, you want to support like I said you want to support near the formula. You want to back up the data. Description time is also possible. No problem. This is usually the writing of journal articles for all fields. Maybe the rest is up to the instructions. Given by the journal. So importantly, one must have a discourse marker. Every thesis page must be there, an article must be there. Later when you finish your thesis, you memorize the discourse markers. Hundreds of discourse speakers. In this book a little, there may be many more that you have to memorize. Discourse markers must be important. Then you need to check many times. Check in terms of spelling, grammar, everything. Everything has to be checked. Then check the reference as well. Okay the reference in the article is in the reference. And also, this must be there. Remember to read the instructions many times. And also important as I said earlier, the title of the article does not attract people who do not want to read. Keywords are important because here if we type in Google the article will come out. Make sure all the interests are in your article. If you look here, it is similar in this to the 70% latest reference. The sum of all the articles, all the references, this is the sum of the last 5 years multiplied by 100 equals must be 70%. Most articles, make sure the year you submit the article is for example 2020, the article that 2020 must have at least 3. The current year must be 3. Do not say for example you submit the article 2020, 2020 has no articles. Must not have to exist. So the amount is 70%. in 70% of this there are a minimum of 3 articles that year. Year of delivery, current year. If 2020, 2020. To mention this article is not difficult. The study of the thesis changed the sentence he made into an article. We are as researchers collecting data. Sometimes the data is too much. We have to collect more data. Sometimes students ask me, "Professor I have already collect may data, I interviewed students, it just so happened that his friend was there, so I interviewed, so I have extra data." Well I say, because maybe this data is not enough to use more data. Need permission to request data collection. Ministry if you want to go to school. Everyone needs permission, unless you want to take data from the people at home also need permission. Want my older brother not to reprimand 5 years if he takes a video of his son included in the thesis. Can't get public money. So you need written permission. If the truth is that the video is also available. If you get sued, at least you have. "This is actually the truth I got." "Or he asked where the truth is, you were summoned RM250000 because without permission you interviewed my employee from the company." "I have permission from this, it just so happens that the general manager said he can use video for permission." This article is all true. Put the name of the sample for example, do not put the real name. Later on all the boys whose name is for example Muhammad Yusoh there are about 450 came to demand a suit why use my name in this.
Pautan video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Wvq6FToC9I
Rujukan:
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). Jom Tulis Tesis!. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia
KEHADIRAN:
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